These lines contain some thoughts about the questions and concerns related to the most recent developments in heritage that started occupying my head after the two most recent events I was invited to as an IE representative to give a keynote. Naturally, a keynote needs to provide some strong ideas, a vision for the sector and some positive encouragement for the listeners. However, I can well imagine that some listeners of my speeches felt puzzled or even annoyed. I catch myself too, in doubt whether our high-flying vision might be too demanding, or too abstract to be easily translated into practical solutions, too conflicting with current structures and processes, or even too conflicting with prevailing ideas around the roles of heritage or heritage experts?

On these pages we have already spilled quite some ink sharing vision and ideas about the development of the interpretive profession and value-based interpretation, however, I’d like to share some very concrete quotes for you to contemplate with me. What is it about? I will get to that soon, but I’m impatient and thrilled to first share the news about the two events that are signs of a new development.

The first event – International seminar on heritage interpretation happened in the Museum of Józef Piłsudski in Sulejówek (Poland). The interesting fact is that the event closed the Erasmus+ project in which 30 employees of the same museum were trained and most of them also gained IE certified status for interpretive guiding and writing. This makes the museum as an institution quite unique in its field. A public organisation that is implementing interpretation systematically across their structures, designing their future development around it, and even actively promoting it to the sector, is well worthy of IE’s support and visibility. We’re looking forward to hearing about the actual effects and visitor feedback from them in future.

The second event was the closing of a COST Action project – Underground4Value – in Brussels, led by the CRN in which partners co-developed a toolkit for community heritage valorisation. During the project they have come across various approaches, among them also with Interpret Europe and interpretation as a discipline that can clearly complement their endeavours in future.

These are all positive developments for IE and in my speeches I shared with them some lines from the related international conventions and papers that outline the changing paradigm in culture, in which the heritage sector (not only cultural) could hopefully finally recognise an important role interpretation plays in fulfilling the international policies’ agenda.

The first paper is the Faro Convention (COE, 2005) according to which:

• Cultural heritage should help “…in the construction of a peaceful and democratic society, and in the process of sustainable development and in promotion of cultural diversity”.
• Besides people, increasingly important is becoming the role of human values in heritage. In particular European founding values.
• What is even more important for us interpreters is clause II / 7 / d: signatory states should “integrate these approaches into all aspects of lifelong education and training”. (Heritage interpretation IS a structured approach to non-formal learning, so in theory, interpretation should systematically include human values in communication and content with the goal to build peace and democracy, to promote cultural diversity.)
• Further, the Faro Convention suggests that cultural heritage should be included in all levels of education, “not necessarily as a subject of study in its own right, but as a fertile source for studies in other subjects.” (We can understand this in a way that we interpret heritage not only because of heritage itself, but with an aim to open up discussions about other subjects, such as sustainability, justice, peace and other critical issues of our time.)

The heritage and cultural sector is, furthermore, called ‘to a concerted action’ by the European Commission (Stormy Times, 2022) towards sustainability, climate change and social justice along with all other sectors, mobilising all resources.

The Stormy Times report suggests:

• “Green deal challenges Europeans to change the way they live and think”. The report Stormy Times calls for artists and cultural organisations to play a full part in this transformational cultural change.
• “…Fact based communication is obviously not enough to mobilise energies and courage for change.”
• 7Rs: Rethink, Reduce, Repair, Reuse, Refurbish, Recycle, and Recover. (RETHINK is the first R in the row)
• “It is culture that gives man the ability to reflect upon himself”. (We couldn’t agree more, heritage interpretation should encourage reflection of people upon their lifestyles. I believe the cultural and natural sites, as non-formal learning settings, can offer food for thought by creating meaningful experiences.

Furthermore, the Climate Heritage Network, in which Interpret Europe takes part, is gearing up for the UN Conference of the Parties (COP28) that will take place in December 2023, to achieve  that “mainstreaming art, culture, and heritage perspectives into international climate change policy would support local cultural-based climate action by helping to deliver policy and funding frameworks that valorise this work.”

So where are we interpreters in this story?
The general challenge I see is (as usual) in the bottleneck between policies and practice. If we want to be up to date with the current discourse in heritage, if for nothing else, to be successful in applications for European funding, we should be perceptible for new ideas. However, many European projects have questionable results on the ground and interpretation services are often remaining of a shy face somewhere in the average still predominantly following the “teaching endgame” as Sam Ham called it and the latest design practices. Are we doing enough?  Where is our passion for the ‘provocation’ approach? Are we doing everything to evolve to our maximum of creativity and boldness without compromising on scientific truth? I believe heritage interpretation offers sufficient knowledge and skills to bring into practice these high-flying ideals. Nevertheless, our ongoing collaboration with UNESCO has already resulted in the acknowledgement of value-based interpretation as a valuable approach to achieving UNESCO mission at World Heritage Sites. This gives us enough wind in our backs.

The question is whether interpreters are ready to follow international policies and conventions.

I think my concerns will not calm down until Interpret Europe mobilises examples and case studies that can serve as inspiration, and we have built enough trust that we do represent the best practice. I’d be most thrilled to proclaim that what we teach and preach, ‘our’ interpreters also practice!

Yes, changes don’t happen overnight and people also don’t change from one day to another. We need to accept that it will take time. Both, for interpretation practice to improve its own approaches as well as for society to transform itself towards sustainability. However, it is time to act and work together. Like the Croatian and Polish partners on the Erasmus+ project.

IE is a forum, a place for exchange and mutual learning. The first step should be to share ideas and good practice examples on how you managed to engage communities on the highest level of the participation scale, how you managed to negotiate a value-based approach at your institution, what are your ideas about sustainability experience design?

We’ll also try to get financial means and pilot test some ideas, but hey, colleagues out there! If you work on an interpretation project that can really be a good example of inclusion, sustainability interpretation (not education!), climate change interpretation and social justice interpretation, please come forward!

We can give you a floor at one of our webinar sessions, or save your ammunition for next year’s conference, Sustainability: Challenging mindsets through heritage interpretation. The call for papers is out and we are ready. Don’t wait!

Helena Vičič is IE’s Managing Director. She can be contacted at: helena.vicic@interpret-europe.net.

To cite this article: Vičič , Helena  (2023) ‘Are heritage experts challenged?‘in Interpret Europe Newsletter 3-2023, pg. 4-5.
Available online:  https://interpret-europe.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/PDF-Newsletter-2023_3-autumn.pdf

The oldest surviving epigrams are inscriptions at Greek sanctuaries around 500 BC. Accordingly, the word ‘epigram’ is derived from the Greek word ἐπιγράφειν (epigraphein = to write on).

Good epigrams had to be short and to the point, and they soon tended to become more poetic. So, they were not just the ancient version of KISS (Keeping It Short and Simple) but also close to what we call an interpretive theme. An epigram should catch a whole in a brief sentence that included some deeper meaning.

In 1802, Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote – in epigram style:
What is an epigram? A dwarfish whole,
its body brevity, and wit its soul.

Of course, not all epigrams fulfilled this requirement; in fact, some were rather long – as not all interpretive themes are strong interpretive themes. But one can find enough good examples to support the idea.

According to the historian Herodotus (484-425 BC), one of the most famous epigrams was placed at Thermopylae, where a small group of Spartan warriors fell in 480 BC in their attempt to repulse a massive Persian army. According to a modern translation of Herodotus’ text (taken from the novel ‘Gates of fire’, Pressfield 1998:1), it read:
Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by,
that here obedient to their laws we lie.

Obviously, reading this was meant to make the place resonate with its visitors by referring to the universal concept of faithfulness, even providing the reader with a task beyond the site. This also fulfils all five requirements IE suggests in its training handout ‘Creating an interpretive theme’, by:

• Supporting but also exceeding the physical experience of the site
• Revealing a universal concept that is relevant to all people
• Being one short and simple sentence and including only one strong idea
• Exciting not only the author but most likely also getting under the skin of others
• Being suitable as a summarising statement in an interpretive text or talk.

A more in-depth investigation of the Thermopylae epigram can be found in Ziogas (2014). Since in ancient times, the Spartans, especially those who inhabited the region of Laconia in Peloponnese, were famous for being succinct; such phrases were also called Laconic phrases. Among the countless anecdotes around their use is one about Philipp II of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great, sending a messenger to Sparta with a lengthy letter. The letter announced that he would kick the Spartans out if he would get to Laconia. It is said that the Spartan letter of reply just read: “If”. One can imagine that Socrates was a great admirer of Laconic phrases…

As usual, the Romans were among the first who included the Greek tradition of epigrams into their own culture, although shifting towards more satirical versions. Subsequently, one can trace epigrams throughout the following 2,000 years of European history. Most likely, you can also find good epigrams in the literary history of your own region.

References:
Coleridge, S.T. (1802) ‘Epigram’. The Morning Post and Gazetteer from 23 September 1802.
Pressfield, S. (1998). Gates of fire: An epic novel of the battle of Thermopylae. New York: Doubleday
Ziogas, I. (2014) ‘Sparse Spartan verse: Filling gaps in the Thermopylae epigram’. Ramus 43 (2): 115–133

Thorsten Ludwig is an interpretive trainer and planner based in Germany. Since 1993, he has run Bildungswerk interpretation as his own company. You can get in touch with him at: Th.Ludwig@interp.de.

To cite this article: Ludwig, Thorsten (2022) ‘Interpretive themes during the Ancient era?’ in Interpret Europe Newsletter 2-2022, pg.5

Available online:

This webinar will recall Tilden’s sixth principle about tackling younger minds. Do we follow a fundamentally different approach as Tilden suggested? Which tools and methods are good to use? How do children experience heritage?

The world is changing rapidly, sometimes too fast to follow its progress. Heritage interpretation can help us to slow down the pace, to listen, to imagine and to be children. We’ll try to find answers and encourage discussion through different examples and initiatives from a mum and interpreter’s perspective.

Iva Caleta Plesa is a tourist guide for Zagreb, a French and Russian language teacher, museologist, heritage interpreter and IE Certified Interpretive Trainer. Together with her husband Boris, she runs Doremiza, a small creative space for workshops, photo sessions, lectures and meetings. Iva has a special interest in heritage interpretation for children. She is a member of a development team for the IE module for interpretation for children. She is curious, loves to travel and meet other people and beside heritage interpretation, she is passionate about all forms of learning and dancing.

This webinar will cover the topic of how cultural and natural heritage interpretation is helping us to preserve our very own bee, the indigenous melliferra macedonica.

The challenges that we were facing in the past in our efforts to protect and promote sustainable beekeeping were mainly due to the fact that we were not telling our story to people outside our immediate surroundings. While we were using scientific language, full of factual information, analysis, statistics and data, the local population spoke the demotic language of their everyday life. Over the years, we all learned to tell the same story in a common, understandable language that reached beyond the eyes and ears of the audience. We found ways to help the local population to become the bees’ biggest ambassadors. The webinar will cover some of the tools used in the process, important milestones and an overview of how the interpretation of cultural and natural heritage helped to change the mindset of a whole community.

Katerina Ivanovska is a programme officer with the Nature Conservation Programme in North Macedonia, a project funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), implemented by Farmahem Skopje. The project’s duration is from 2011 to 2024 and is currently within the exit phase of the implementing activities. Katerina Ivanovska holds a master’s degree in economics and a bachelor’s degree in agricultural economics from the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food in Skopje, North Macedonia. Her professional background includes research and analysis of subsidy policies in agriculture, rural development, sustainable use of resources in agriculture, stakeholder management and behavioral economics.

The Global Alliance for Heritage Interpretation is inviting all interpreters around the world to a series of webinars in 2022.

You can register here.

It is the dreadful fate of humanistic education: As soon as violence starts, it is too late. What could heritage interpretation do to defuse potential conflicts, from small to large scale? What are the key concepts to consider? And what does this mean for interpretive training? In search of answers, former IE Managing Director Thorsten Ludwig will trace the evolution of Interpret Europe over the past five years, from its conference, ‘Heritage interpretation – for the future of Europe’, through the EU award-winning initiative, ‘Engaging citizens with Europe’s cultural heritage’, to the recent collaboration with UNESCO on ‘value-based heritage interpretation’. It is time to think about the further development of the interpretive profession.

Featured presenter, Thorsten Ludwig (MSc Interpretation: Management and Practice) studied archaeology and worked at a German national park until 1993 when he founded Bildungswerk interpretation as his own consultancy. From 2015 to 2021, he was Managing Director of Interpret Europe.

The European Commission’s official proposal for the Year was released on 4 March 2020. It was presented to the European Parliament on 23 June 2020 and was accepted by its Committee on Transport and Tourism (Tran) on 12 October 2020. Within the Commission, DG MOVE (Mobility and Transport) will be responsible for the implementation of the Year. So far, there is only limited information but questions can be addressed to MOVE-C3-EUROPEAN-YEAR-RAIL-2021@ec.europa.eu.

The proposal strongly refers to the European Green Deal suggesting that “through projects, debates, events, exhibitions and initiatives across Europe, the European Year of Rail will promote rail as an attractive and sustainable way to move across Europe, to citizens, business and authorities, emphasising its Union wide and innovative dimension. By reaching out to citizens, beyond the railway sector, through dedicated events and communication campaigns, it will convince more people and businesses to make use of rail”. In an information to the Expert Group on Cultural Heritage from 18 November 2020, DG Education and Culture underlined the relevance of the Year also for the heritage sector, stating: “The final text makes direct reference to rail’s history and its cultural heritage for building on the rail’s power for collective imagination. The European Year of Rail is indeed directly relevant to sustainable cultural tourism and heritage, with the great train routes of Europe, railway and transport museums, and the reuse and conservation of industrial railway heritage.”

There is no doubt that the growth of the railway system had significant impact on the development and connection of European regions, especially from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century. People in villages gained access to towns, travelling between cities became much easier, in some places, railway construction work brought thousands of people from other countries into remote areas (e.g. regarding the construction of Alpine bridges and tunnels). Railway lines turned tiny villages into international hubs – or caused the decline of others that were sidelined or bypassed. In many European countries, parts of the railway system are listed heritage, even including three World Heritage sites:

•    Forth Bridge, UK
•    Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes, Switzerland
•    Semmering Railway, Austria

Many recent and historic railway lines are part of protected landscapes and therefore link culture to nature. In Austria and Switzerland, the landscapes surrounding the tracks (to be viewed from the train) are actually part of the designated World Heritage, and railway companies refer to the World Heritage status of their lines. For example, in Switzerland there is a UNESCO World Heritage pass which travellers can buy, and the German main railway company is cooperating with national parks in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (some of them World Heritage) through the programme: Fahrtziel Natur (‘Destination nature’).

There is also a large number of heritage railways (lines out of regular operation) and of railway museums in Europe (see also here). Most larger railway companies run their own museums or are involved in the operation of public railway museums. In Germany alone, there are more than 175 railway museums or museum lines, and even more activities are supposed to take place in France and – by far the most – in the UK.

So, the Year might offer some potential for IE members. Interpreting European railway heritage helps to approach sustainability from a new direction and might open the field of technical heritage to some members. It could also help to get in touch with stakeholders to whom there is so far no real connection, regarding institutions for technical heritage as well as large and financially strong companies. There are also links to IE’s upcoming tourism initiative since the idea of transition hubs is related to the idea of turning key railway museums into hubs for smaller railway museums.

Considering that the Year has only been confirmed in October 2020, and that so far the EU long-term budget for 2021-2027 has still not been adopted, it can be expected that EU funding will only be provided towards the end of 2021. The proposal of the Commission includes an allocation of 8 million euros for the implementation of the Year which, in European terms, is not too much. However, the proposal explicitly mentions Creative Europe and Erasmus+, and since the budget for these programmes will increase for the seven upcoming years, it could be expected that funding for projects linked to the Year would also be available within them. Furthermore, the Year might be seen as catalyst to encourage associations, foundations and companies related to the railway system to provide funding for interpretive activities, and an option for IE trainers could be to address railway museums as potential organising partners for IE training courses.

So, please get active if you feel the European Year of Rail offers opportunities for you – and share your ideas and experiences through our social media channels or through the newsletter in order to foster exchange.

To cite this article:
IE Management (2020) ‘2021 will be the European Year of Rail’. In Interpret Europe Newsletter 4-2020, 31-32.

Available online: http://www.interpret-europe.net/fileadmin/Documents/publications/Newsletters/IE_newsletter_2020_4_winter.pdf

As someone who deals with tourism on a practical level – as a head of a tourist office and as a tourist guide – but also as someone who deals with tourism on a scientific level by scruntinising tourism trends and communication in tourism, I can not hide my enthusiasm for a workshop like the heritage interpretation one delivered by Interpret Europe.

This type of workshop and the training of various tourism stakeholders to interpret and show love for their heritage, shows how Interpret Europe keeps pace with tourism trends. More and more people are looking for a unique experience and some more meaning, some special message, and not just a list of facts and boring data.

Personally, what thrilled me the most in the workshop was the enthusiasm of the trainer, whose energy moved all participants to get involved from the very beginning and very successfully master the techniques of heritage interpretation. As someone who deals with communication on a scientific level, I noticed that some participants made significant progress, and our trainer constantly pointed out good and bad practices and enabled everyone to become an even better interpreter.

Each of us can make our own contribution to the interpretation of heritage through original interpretive walks and speeches. Every country, and especially small countries like Croatia, needs a special story to attract attention. Interpreting heritage as a communication tool is something that all countries, and especially those less recognisable countries, should be encouraged to embrace.

When we become aware of the importance of communication, but especially the importance of interpretation, then we will no longer have to worry about our heritage because it will be in the hands of those who recognise the importance of heritage preservation.

Many thanks to Interpret Europe, to the trainer, Ivana Zrililć, and to all participants who made me an even better interpreter.

Dejan Gluvačević, PhD, is a private entrepreneur and external associate at Faculty of Political Science (University of Zagreb, Croatia). His scientific research includes areas of destination branding and communication in tourism. Professional experience gained working as a PR manager, tourist guide and manager of a travel agency.

To cite this article:
Gluvačević, Dejan (2020) ‘Interpretation – more than communication’. In Interpret Europe Newsletter 4-2020, 16.

Available online: http://www.interpret-europe.net/fileadmin/Documents/publications/Newsletters/IE_newsletter_2020_4_winter.pdf

Earlier in the autumn, I visited the Jelacic days held at the renowned Novi Dvori estates in Zapresic, Croatia. While surveying this historical manifestation, the authentic maidservant, Marica, invited me to join a heritage interpretation workshop. At last, I thought, something fun, and an activity that coincidentally resembled a project I was working on. The perfect incentive at the perfect time.

Meeting Marica (played by Ivana Zrilić), more than ever I realised the importance of who and how a story is told – she made every story interesting and personal. That influenced me to explore the role of an interpretive guide, at least for a while. I quickly cooked lunch, handed over the kids to my husband and embraced the Sunday bliss of the enchanting Novi Dvori. Alone and free, curious of what I would learn and experience. Rain started pouring and it got cold so I put on my heavy coat, motivated to continue.

I was thrilled to encounter Ivana, ever enthusiastic and equipped with accessories. What a sight to see strangers showing an interest in the workshop! Driven by positive feedback, guests from Zagreb enjoyed festivities honoring the legendary Ban Josip Jelacic. It was a tremendous achievement for people from the capital to travel to a suburb for cultural events, as opposed to rushing downtown for entertainment. I always emphasised that even if it lacked in numbers, our hearts made up the difference! Zapresic has so much to discover, so much potential to develop.

Finally, the workshop began. The brief introduction and reference to bells reminded me of Hemingway’s For whom the bell tolls. Ivana started displaying countless personal items and asked us to share our associations. Suddenly, I remembered all the tickets, postcards, letters, dedications, messages and other memorabilia from travels, performances and exhibitions I have kept at home… I could also show them and help others evoke their own memories. This workshop truly intended to encourage personal experiences rather than generic stories and, thinking back to my project at work; when examining Proust’s masterpiece, Combray, a novel in which the narrator reminisces about his idyllic childhood while eating honey madeleines with tea, I always ask my students what smell, taste or sound takes them back in time.

For our next assignment I was paired up with an American studying Croatian heritage. We were supposed to find and draw an object near us. My choice was a counter in the forest where a young DJ played music. He picked a wooden detail from the Matija Skurjeni museum. My statement, “Those were the careless days“, is singled out as the central idea – my retrospection painted a time when I was free and on my own, going out and longing for what I have today. My partner, Jeremy’s, sentence was, “I like the details of Croatian architecture“. It is intriguing to see how others often consider us more valuable then we do ourselves. Everybody represents another’s object. There was no self promotion but a position of interpreting someone else’s chosen location and experience. An interpretation of an interpretation.

We listened, talked and laughed. Even though we do not know each other, we shared secrets from our lives. However, everyone added their own, personal signature while interpreting objects others chose. That is something unchangeable. Encouraged, I realise I have so much to tell in my own, unique way. I started writing a project, decided to enroll in a tourist guide course and make sure Ivana includes me in the next heritage interpretation class as soon as possible. See you there!

Branka Tolić is a Croatian language teacher working in Gornjogradska gimnazija, Zagreb, Croatia (www.ggg.hr). Her personal blog created during lockdown this year is: https://www.karantenablog.com/. You can get in touch with her at: branka.tol@gmail.com.

To cite this article:
Tolić, Branka (2020) ‘True stories and real experiences spice up presentation’. In Interpret Europe Newsletter 4-2020, 25.

Available online: http://www.interpret-europe.net/fileadmin/Documents/publications/Newsletters/IE_newsletter_2020_4_winter.pdf

Žminj is a small hilltop town in the centre of Croatia’s biggest peninsula – Istria. A very specific place hides amazing local traditions. On a Certified Interpretive Guide (CIG) course in October, a group of ten participants discovered local heritage and their own deeper meanings.

We hope this video will stimulate your imagination and by watching it you will also open your colourful umbrellas and fly with us – feeling at least a part of that wonderful, positive atmosphere and discovering some of the cultural, natural and rich gastronomic heritage of this beautiful region. Maybe you’ll join us live, somewhere, next time… until then, click the link.

Max Dubravko Fijačko is an IE Certified Interpretive Trainer and is the IE Gastronomic Heritage Coordinator. You can get in touch with him at: dubravko.fijacko@gmail.com.

To cite this article:
Dubravko Fijačko, Max (2020) ‘Take a look at CIG’. In Interpret Europe Newsletter 4-2020, 14.

Available online: http://www.interpret-europe.net/fileadmin/Documents/publications/Newsletters/IE_newsletter_2020_4_winter.pdf

Phenomena. The uniqueness of phenomena.
Facts, true facts.
Meaning, meaning before facts, deeper meaning.
Universal terms, love, happiness, maybe sadness, emotions. Definitely emotions.

Message. A message with meaning. But what is the meaning? Listen! Listen? Yes, listen! Listen to what the phenomena are whispering. Whispering? Lucija, you must have lost your mind! No, wait! I can hear something!  Yes, there it is! I can hear it, what a beautiful sensation. But what do I do with it?  Maybe I should follow it. Yes, follow the message!  A message that guides me, a lighthouse. My lighthouse. Isn’t it wonderful, just the idea of it?  Having your own bright lighthouse. I don’t know about you, but to me, it brings peace and joy.

These were the thoughts roaming through my head while I was walking through my hometown’s park forest, looking for new cultural phenomena to interpret. For a matter of fact, this happens every time I indulge myself in interpretation and the process that comes with it. I must say that since the CIG course, I have reached new perspectives. A lighthouse, a metaphor for the idea which keeps you on track during cultural heritage interpretation. As our CIG trainer, Max, would say, it is your own theme, your own lighthouse, it is there just for you, connect with it. What an abstract idea, but it makes perfect sense, doesn’t it? And when you think about it, it is quite logical too. Would participants like to follow me to my lighthouse – or do they have other lighthouses where they would like to guide me?

“Lucija, look!”. I have sunk so deep in my thoughts that for a brief moment I forgot I was with my friend Tijana. “Look! A lighthouse!”. Tijana noticed a tablecloth with a lighthouse drawn on it, which belonged to a nearby beach bar. “A lighthouse, can you imagine?”. A coincidence or not, it brought a big smile to our faces and a warm fuzzy feeling inside. I remembered the first time I was introduced to the Certified Interpretive Guide course principles and Interpret Europe’s approach to heritage interpretation. We were a small group with different backgrounds and of all ages. I was listening in awe to our trainer, eager to learn, trying to comprehend that vision on heritage, which I had never heard before.

I always wondered why people lack an appreciation for heritage, starting with their own. One could say these individuals are ignorant. But what if there is something more to it? What if they are not aware of what is standing right in front of them. What if there is someone who could bring them close to what they are seeing, to acknowledge, to make them think, to feel. As our trainer says, address people’s minds, but most importantly, address their senses and their hearts.

Lucija Šorić recently obtained her MSc and MA degree in International leisure, tourism and events management. During her studies at NHL Stenden in The Netherlands and University of Derby in the UK, she collaborated with ETFI, VVV Nederland information centres and their Knowledge platform tackling contemporary issues. Lucija can be contacted at: lucijasoric6@gmail.com.

To cite this article:
Šorić, Lucija (2020) ‘Lucija’s lighthouses‘. In Interpret Europe Newsletter 4-2020, 12.

Available online: http://www.interpret-europe.net/fileadmin/Documents/publications/Newsletters/IE_newsletter_2020_4_winter.pdf​​​​​​​